15.loeng Eetika ja IT

Technology Code of Conduct of Ewing Public School 

The Ewing public school create own ethic codex for using internet for their students. 

To be honest, i felt the influx of youthful maximalism, when started read the lines as "The Ewing Public Schools have taken precautions to restrict access to controversial materials". However, from my point of view, principles of school internet codex is logical and right.

• Do not be abusive in communications to others.

• Do not swear or use vulgarities or any other inappropriate language.

• Do not reveal personal addresses, phone numbers, Social Security numbers, or other identifying personal information.

• Do not use the network in such a way that would disrupt the use of the network by other users.

• Do not engage in any illegal activities.

That rules are full of school atmosphere. There is no word about polite relationship, but only prohibitions to not swear or to not do illegal activities. This code of conduct is absurd for serious entertainment. The rules are too obvious. But still, it is interesting to feel the difference of ethic rules for youngsters and adults.

Kastutatud allikad:

https://www.ewing.k12.nj.us/Page/151 

https://picsart.com/i/300492508211211 

E-ITSPEA 14: Andmeturveː tehnoloogia, koolitus ja reeglid

Fraud

Internet fraud, as in real life, is most dangerous for naive people. Dreams of possibilities to invest 100 dollars in a pyramid and get twice as much or hope that prince from Nigiriya will come and buy you a house will not occur to a person who understands the economy and people. But, it's easier to protect a person than to teach him life. Here's what might help:

Technology

There is no antivirus that would save you from people. Scammers are manipulators, and in order to recognize them, you must know about their existence. Therefore, it will help to subscribe to special mailings that inform about the current Internet fraud.

Training

As already written above, the main thing is to know that the Internet is full of bad people, and that you need to treat every stranger with distrust.

Practice

The best practice is to study all high-profile cases of fraud.

E-ITSPEA 13: Teistmoodi IT

Puuduga inimeste elu alati oli raske. Eriti kui inimesel ei ole võimalusi teha põhilisi asju nagu nägema, kuulama või rääkida. Õnneseks, meie ühiskond annab selle inimestele teenuseid, mida kergendavad neid elu. IT valdkonnas, mis põhiidee on inimiste elu kergendamine, tekkivad ka palju teenuseid puudega inimesteks. Täna tahaksin rääkida natuke sellest.

Be My Eyes

Be my Eyes app aitab nägemisvõimetu inimestele teha rutiine asju. Näiteks, määrama mis värvi on särk või kui palju leib maksab. Rutiinsete probleemide lahendamine on programmide jaoks äärmiselt keeruline. Selleks on vaja väga keerukat närvivõrku. Kuid arendajad valisid lihtsama ja tõhusama viisi. App töötab inimeste abiga. Nägemisvõimetu inimene küsib midagi ja näitab video ülekannet. Be My Eyes seob tema teise inimesega, mis vastab tema küsimusele.  

12. loeng. Inimese ja arvuti suhtlus, ergonoomika ja kasutatavus

Veebi asutatavuse negatiivne ja positiivne kogemus

Ekool

Negatiivne kogemus on seotud ekooliga. Põhiprobleem on viis kuidas veeb on ehitud. See töötab peaaegu täielikult skriptide peal. Kui kasutaja tahab, näiteks, vaata hindeid, ta ei lähe uutele aadrisile aga avab uut akent. Sellel põhjusel ekool sageli lag-eb, läheb katki ja mõnes seadmes ei laadanud üldse. 

Minu arvates, disain pole vaeva väärt.

 

---

Wikipeadia

Suur osa populaarustest veebelihestest oli ehitanud kaubanduse märgiga. See tõttu harva leitakse veebilehti millel on lihtne interface. Nagu Wikipedal on. 

Mulle alati meeldis Wikipedia selle mugava ja minimalistiku kujunduse eest. Kõik mis on vaja on saadaval. Veebileht ei lag-i ja töötab ludinal.

---

Kasutatud allikad:

https://ekool.eu/

https://www.wikipedia.org/

 

11. loeng Arendus- ja ärimudel

 Dwarf Fortress - cow-boy coding

Dwarf Fortress(DF) on üks edukamaid indie arvutimänge. DF anti välja 2004. aastal ja see jääb indie-lovers hulgas populaarseks tänapäevani. Arvutimängu populaarsus on seotud DF sügavusega ja detaliseerimisega. "It contains an extensive world generator, a three-dimensional cellular automata system for simulating fluids, naming languages for all major races, an economics simulation, and even a complete Adventure Mode in which the player can explore abandoned fortresses". DF on hea näide "code-and-fix" mudelist. See tähendab, et mänguloomiseks ei olnud mingit plaani. Tõesti, mängu autor Tarn Adams oli alguses suunatud tegema teist mängu "Mutant Miner", vaid, pärast pettumust projektis, ta otsustas teha sarnast mängu, vaid real-time-is ja paljude dwarf-itega. DF sündis. Tegelikult, DF grupp koosnebki ainult kahest inimesest: Tarn Adams ja tema vend Zach Adams. Arvan, et selliste gruppide jaoks, kus osalejad teavad ja tunnevad üks teist nii hästi cow-boy coding mudel on parim.

 

DF logo

DuckDuckGo - Reklaamimudel

Üks meetodist kuidas search engine-d toovad sissetuleku on cookie-failede müümine. Search engine salvestab otsingupäringuid ja annab neid reklaamijatele, kes panevad ette seda toode, mille teil on vaja. Aga mõned inimesed ei armasta kui keegi jälgib nende elu. Neile sobib DuckDuckGo search engine mis ei loo cockie faile. Selle asemel reklaami pakkumine põhineb ainult käisoleval päringul. Ja pärast seda DDG unustab inimese päringut. Selle põhjal, DuckDuckGo-l on reklaamimudel.

DuckDuckGo logo

kasutatud allikad:

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Df_logo.png

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwarf_Fortress

https://www.gamasutra.com/view/feature/131954/interview_the_making_of_dwarf_.php

https://www.feedough.com/how-does-duckduckgo-make-money-ddg-business-model/

10. loeng How to be a hacker

"How to be a hacker" arvustus

Mul on segane arvamus selle artikli kohta. Ma ei armasta kultuuri liikumisi. Eriti tugevalt ma ei armasta kui sellised liikumised dikteerivad inimestele kuidas nad peavad elama. Minu arusaamises, kõige oluline asi inimese jaoks on leida end, saama isikuks. Ja kõik sellised reeglid nagu "how to live" on lihtsalt kark nendele inimestele, kes kardavad olla iseendaks. Siis, hoolimata seda, ma arvan, et see on väga kasulik, isegi must-have algajale programmeerijatele artikkel. See on täis erinevate huvitavate linkitega mis annab lugejale arusaamist kust tasub alustada ja kui sügav programmerija elukutse on. Pärast seda artiklit ma ometi otsustasin installerida Linux, vaid enne seda, ma leidsin palju materjali lugemiseks mis on seotud selle teemaga. Artikkel motiveerib veeta terve öö programmeerimisartiklite lugemisel.

Eric Steven Raymond, "How to be a hacker" author

Kastutaud allikad:

http://www.catb.org/~esr/faqs/hacker-howto.html

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Ffullmetallinux.wordpress.com%2Ftag%2Feric%2F&psig=AOvVaw372t7xbgmE6t9GNbnBchVF&ust=1605570603607000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAIQjRxqFwoTCPit4ODehe0CFQAAAAAdAAAAABAJ

9. loeng IT juhid

Guido van Rossum

    Guido van Rossum on kuulsus Pythoni keele asutamise poolest. Guido oli esimene inimene kes  sai "Benevolent dictator for life" tiitlit. Seda tiitli antakse nendele inimestele, kellel on õigus teha lõplikku otsused. Juba selle tiitli abil võib julgelt määrata et Guido on "juht". Inimene, kellel on julgust teha oma otsuseid ja vedada mööda oma marsruuti kolleege. Arvestades Python-i edu, võime saada aru, et Guido oskab kuulata teisi inimesi ja teha mõistlikkuid otsuseid, võrreldes, näiteks, Stiiv Jobs-iga, kes alguses käis ainult oma plaani läbi ja kuulas ainult iseendast. 

Timothy Donald Cook

    Tim Cook sai Apple direktoriks pärast Steve Jobs-i surma. Tema juhi oskuste abil Apple muutub sellesse, millesse see praegu on. 2004. aastal Tim Cook oli kõige parem täitevdirektor CNN järgi. Tim Cook-i juhatuse all Apple tõi palju innovatsiooni (näiteks Apple Watch või Apple Pay) ja sel põhjusel võib kindlaga öelda, et Tim Cook on hea argengumootori IT-juhi rolli näide.

Kasutatud allikaid:

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/Guido_van_Rossum_OSCON_2006.jpg

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guido_van_Rossum

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d5/Tim_Cook_2009_cropped.jpg

https://www.iphones.ru/iNotes/395309

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Cook

8.loeng

 Eesti IT proff.

Kes proff on?

Kindlasti, esiteks, Eestil proffidel on samad omadused nagu teistel. Ma ei hakka neid sisukalt kirjeldada (sest see on tehtud juba E-ITSPEA wikis väga hästi), vaid kirjutan põhimõtteid:

• Proff peab omama kõike oskusi seotud erialaga.

Proff peab saama aru seda eriala, miles ta on proff. IT proff peab ka oskama inglise keelt.

• Proff peab olema sotsiaalselt küps.

IT enamasti on gruppi töö. Wunderkind ilma sotsialisserimisoskuseta on vähem produktiivne, kui töötaja kahe aastase kogemusega, kes saab läbi inimesega kergelt.

• Proff peab "oskama töötada".

Ta peab olema vastutustundlik, tõsiselt suhtub töösse. 

Mida peab omama Eesti IT proff?

IT eriala on rohkem seotud kübermaailmaga, mitte maailmaga milleпф töötaja on piiratud. Sel põhjusel, ma arvan, et, eesti IT proffi ei erine palju teistelt proffidelt. Kõige suurem eritus, kindlasti, on seatud keelte oskusega. Eesti proff peab oskama rohkem keeli. Põhjalikult ta oskab eesti keelt ja inglise keelt, vaid see on ka pluss, kui tegelane oskab vene ja soome keeli, sel juhul temale on avatud teed ettevõtetele vene või soome kollektiiviga.

7. loeng Copyleft

 Copyleft

The concept of copyleft idea is programs have to be free. That does not connected with Marx ideas. As author of copyleft concept once said "To understand the concept, you should think of “free” as in “free speech,” not as in “free beer”". Program has to have open code. Everybody could see it, change and make difference in it. Or even make a new project based on that code. The only thing they can not do is to limit rights of the project. The rule of open code is permanent. That allow to all ideas fully unlock its potential.

Types of copyleft

• GNU General Public License

The most popular license. It does not allow to object become proprietary. It give rights to change the code or make copies.

• GNU Free Documentation License

License for objects of documentation type. It allow to change and spread the documentation commercially or not.

• GNU Lesser General Public License

Similar to GNU General Public License, but object licensed by Lesser License could be used in proprietaries programs.

6.loeng Comment to book "The Case for Copyright Reform" of Rick Falkvinge and Christian Engströmi

Сomments to "Constructive Proposal For Copyright Reform"

When I begin to write that blog page, I decided to start with epigraph "You are communist till the first capital." and then explain why Pirate Party is wrong and its ideas are egoistic. However, after a while of discovering the topic in Internet, I had been totally confused. Both "For" and "Against" cases sounds earnestly. I wrote two the most contradictory statement bellow.

A Ban on DRM

Money is not just a big motivation to create thing and evidence of importance of your work. Usually, without money you cannot to start creation and open your potential. From one point of view, DRM protects from piracy, so it suppose to save money. "Open Letter to Hobbyists" of Bill Gates shows and explains how bad privacy is and what harm it does to development. But DRM banning is not about motivating developers to work for "Thank you", but to find another another business model. To support the idea of DRM meaninglessness I can also give an example of Paradox CEO and co-owner Fred Wester statement.  But, that sample about game making. There are another areas that are living only by selling its content. For instance, beat or 3D models makers. To ban DRM means to make them work for free.

20 Years Of Commercial Monopoly

This statement describe unfair duration of copyrighting. I can´t understand the reason why they called it monopoly. The talk about Intellectual property. If one person will write pop song, how he will interfere to another? The statement is ridiculous for the reason, if, for example, book expired it copyrights, it is become public. That means, author will not more earn money for book selling, despite printing company.

It's hard to leave an opinion on such a deep topic. The only thing I can write in the end:" two hours passed quickly."

used link: http://falkvinge.net/wp-content/uploads/large/The%20Case%20For%20Copyright%20Reform%20(2012)%20Engstrom-Falkvinge.pdf

 

5. loeng. Aita piirata sõimusõdu

Aita piirata sõimusõdu

I often use Russian social media "Vkontakte" to chat with friends or to waste time by watching memes. To be honest, every media has a lot of "right people" and trolls, but Russian´s ones has much higher percentage of those wunderkinds. For example, if you play in "Dota" or "LoL", you will unlikely stay for a long time in Russian server. The reason in not Europeans treat to game more serious. It is, simply,  much more easer to communicate with them. It is hard to say, that European community is kinder, but it does not has desire to offence each other.

Back to my story, I use to spend time in Vk. Onetime I spend three days of disputing with another user about gays in Russia. My opponent and I have wasted a lot of nervous and time more for making up with offending, than arguments. The dispute ended when he banned me. In that moment I felt I won in the fight, but later I understood I simply appeared more stubborn. I though I got the moral and that story will never happen again. But it happened a lot of times. The last dispute was about week ago. I started being polite in the conversation, but after the first offence of the opponent I felt so offended, that spent about hour of making up with the message.

To stop that stories and "aita piirata sõimusõdu", I feel the only thing I can do is to ignore such users. And start to spend time in Pikabu or Reddit.

 

  

4. loeng Pekka Himanen´s rapport review

Pekka Himanen's report review 

Pekka Himanen's report had been specially written to Finish parliament. One of its roles was to reform the "Finish model" and make a difference in it. However, the economy becomes more and more global, so most of the statements are related to change the world´s economical politics. "The global development of the information society has reached a phase that requires new actions from us all."

In his report, three models are described. These models have remained successful in the economy: the “Silicon Valley model”, the “Singapore model” and the “Finnish model” of US, China, and EU respectively. All of them are not ideal, have a lot of drawbacks without positive final results. Therefore, Pekka Himanen suggests reforming "Finish model" and write new scenario based on the importance of implementing fair-society values.  In addition, he writes about the four keys of the new social developing concept: 1. A creative economy 2. A creative welfare society 3. Humanly meaningful development 4. A global culture.

From my point of view, still,  plenty of statements as "people have equal opportunities to realize their potential and are protected against the random misfortunes of life" seems utopian. On the other hand, the pursuit of the ideal must be endless, and nowadays our world is trying to achieve it. The world is becoming more globalized: the concept of "patriotism" is dying among the youngsters, who strive to be cosmopolitan. Unfortunately, new times showed the black side of globalization: migration problems. To my mind, the current society is too focused on tolerance, that, it seems the future will have problems with reverse-racism, more that with actual racism.

I consider that social behavior is too unpredictable to develop like Himanen's concept. Many unexpected obstacles await us and maybe that idealistic concept will change in the future. But right now, it seems the most convenient society's developing model

3. loeng. Uus meedia...?

 Influence of Wikipedia on material search

It was much more difficult to find all necessary information 20 years before. Information sources were incomplete and it took too much time to access to all of them. But, nowadays, we have opposite problem. There are too much information.  Happily, in 2001 was opened source called Wikipedia, which still remains one of the most reliable source.

The main idea of Wikipedia was to create encyclopedia, which allows to every person edit it or write new topics. It´s older brother was "Nupeida". It had success in the time, but it was hard to get the access to write there, so the source was developing very slow.

3d map of Wikipedia topics

Today Wikipedia is the most famous site. To safe the credibility of the source it has rules: topic has to be written in encyclopedia format(no author opinion), the topic has to have neutral point of view, topic´s sources are free to read. Otherwise, the topic will be deleted.

In 2006 portal "Nature" published topic with the research. It shows that "Wikipedia comes close to Britannica in terms of the accuracy of its science entries".

To conclude, Wikipedia always developing and has so much information, that it would be impossible to make physical analog of it. And considering all its capacity, it has still remained reliable. Certainly, Wikipedia make a big difference in the information searching.

sources:

https://www.nature.com/articles/438900a

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Your_first_article

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jMWLE1vgTA8&ab_channel=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%86

https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B8

2. loeng "Arpanetist Facebookini - Interneti kujunemislugu"

 "Retro stuff"

Radio transmission of programs

For the first time, the radio downloading was available for public in Bristol radio program "Datarama".  Listeners with the tape recorder could record a "special cacophony of sounds" and convert the sounds into bites sequence. This is how it sounded. The first thing that program´s authors decided to send was 40x80 photo of  actress Cheryl Ladd.

That method began to become famous and it started to develop. For instance, "Hobbyscoop" company  even developed special cassette BASICODE format for the BASIC apps. It started to be available to download programs and even computer games. From 1983 to 1968 well-known broadcast of the Yugoslav show "Fan 202" had made 150 programs: from calculators to flight simulators. The broadcast was so famous that it began translating in national TV. 

However, the culture of  the "radio transmission" faded away as quickly as another ways of transmitting information have entered everyday life: for example, floppy disks.

sources:
https://www.basingstoke.me.uk/datarama/

https://www.audiomania.ru/content/art-6214.html

Vinyl

The oldest phonograph record dates in 1860, but vinyl has still remained well known. Even, considering that nowadays there are better ways to record audio, for example SACD (Super Audio CD), still a lot of people prefer vinyl to digital format. Basically, those people are mainly old music lovers. In fact, in that case vinyl has indeed better sound´s quality, because, primordial, that music was recorded to vinyl and only then it had been rewritten to digital format.

In my point of view, vinyl will exist as long, as people will listen classic music. Using the argument "Rock never dies" and formal logic, we could calculate the vinyl´s end. 

sources: demon.com

https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/9a7x48/listen-to-the-eerie-warbles-of-the-oldest-sound-recording-in-history

https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0

E-ITSPEA 1: Noppeid IT ajaloost

Unrealized IT projects

    Nowadays IT technology is one of the basic column of the modern infrastructure. However, for reaching that point a lot of brilliant minds had spent their lives on the researching this area. Unfortunately, a lot of them had not even managed to end their projects. Today´s post is about these stories.

Babbage´s Difference engine  

    The world had found out Babbage´s Difference engine in 1862 in the paper with the title "Note on the application of machinery to the computation of astronomical and mathematical tables".[1]  The author of that paper was Charles Babbage. The British government was interested in the project. The machine could save for them a lot of money and time. So they give him 1700£ to start. Despite the good beginning, the fate of the project was unsuccessful. There were two reasons for that. First of all, the machine appeared to be too expensive. Babbage spent over 17 000£ by the time government abandoned the project in 1984. This is ten times more than the given at the beginning budget. Another reason was next. During the work on this project Babbage attention was moved to analytical engine. The research gave him new difference engine concept and the previous project became obsolete.  His Difference engine was completely finished and built only in 2002 and had not practical usage. Though, his first difference engine made difference in IT developing. For instance, Swedish inventor Georg Scheutzian was inspirited by Babbage machine, so he created his own model. Scheutzian´s work was finished in 1843 by his son.

    The moral can be next: Before the project starts, you should also think about the implementation and search for materials. Not only about the idea

"Babbage Difference engine"

source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Difference_engine

The first program code

    Augusta Ada King, Countess of Lovelace, the only legitimate child of poet Lord Byron, first programmer, The Unburnt. In 1843 was published her note. It describes the algorithm of the Analythic Engine of Babbage. This note is considered to be the first program. It was a great scientific work and it had success at the time. However Analythic Engine has been never built and her code had been never launched. So her work was not realized.

    From the point of view of capitalism and profit projects we can learn from the story that you should estimate if the risk costs your efforts. 

"The first published computer algorithm"

source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace

Copeland

    In the race of the best operation system in the 90`s was winning Microsoft Windows 95. Apple attempted to create it`s own system to compete in this race. The system name was Copeland. It was up-and-coming project with a lot of functions and features. For example, it supposed to have 3D user interaction, improved search engine optimization and much more. However, an infinite number of hard technologies(there were also ideas like to make Copeland capable of running Windows applications) made this project too unstable and too time-consuming.

    The lesson that can give that story is: make your aims certain and follow it only.

"Copeland "

sources: https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copland

https://www.pcworld.com/article/152103/it_project_failures.html?page=2